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The United States boasts scores of organizations that offer crucial representation for groups that are marginalized in national politics, from women to racial minorities to the poor. Here, in the first systematic study of these organizations, Dara Z. Strolovitch explores the challenges and opportunities they face in the new millennium, as waning legal discrimination coincides with increasing political and economic inequalities "within" the populations they represent.

"Democrats, Republicans, and the Politics of Women's Place is impressive in its scope, powerful in its argument, and compelling in its analysis. . . . Using data sources ranging from public opinion surveys to elite interviews to party platforms to presidential speeches, Sanbonmatsu provides a provocative account of how and why the parties' electoral strategies have varied across gender issues.

Women remain dramatically underrepresented in elective office, including in entry-level political offices. While they enjoy the freedom to stand for office and therefore have an equal legal footing with men, this persistent gender imbalance raises pressing questions about democraticlegitimacy, the inclusivity of American politics, and the quality of political representation.

Julie A. Gallagher documents six decades of politically active black women in New York City who waged struggles for justice, rights, and equality not through grassroots activism but through formal politics.

The role of women in politics in the Gulf is a much-debated and often little-understood subject in the West. In Gender and Politics in Kuwait, the author sheds new light on the struggle of Kuwaiti women for political participation.